|
Receptor Activity Modifying Proteins (RAMPs) and Calcitonin Receptor
Like Receptor (CRLR)
The calcitonin family of bioactive
peptides comprises of
calcitonin, amylin, two
calcitonin-gene related peptides (CGRP1,
and CGRP2) and
adrenomedullin (ADM).
Calcitonin is 32 aa peptide found in the
parafollicular "C" cells of the thyroid in mammals. It is also found in
a number of non-mammals. It regulated the mineral (calcium and
phosphate) balance. Calcitonin causes hypercalcemia by acting as an
inhibitor of osteoclast induced bone resorption.
CGRP is a 37-aa peptide produced by tissue specific processing of
the calcitonin gene. Calcitonin is the major product in the thyroid,
whereas CGRP is the major product in neural tissues. CGRP is a potent
cardiovascular agent. It has structural similarity with amylin. CGRP is
found in two isoforms (CGRP-I and CGRP-II) that differs only by 3 amino
acids.
Amylin is a 37-aa peptide produced in the
pancreatic beta-cell secretory granules and is co-released with insulin.
Amylin also has CGRP-like effects on bone metabolism. Amylin has
specific binding sites in the CNS and it may regulate gastric emptying
and influence carbohydrate metabolism.
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a 52-aa hypotensive
peptide. It has structural similarity with CGRP and amylin. ADM is
produced in peripheral tissues, adrenal medulla, lung, and kidney. ADM
has specific receptors on astrocytes and it is unregulated in ischaemia.
In general, calcitonin family of peptides has N-terminal ring structures
of 6-7 aa involving a disulfide and an amidated C-terminal end.
The calcitonin family peptides probably act
through G-protein coupled membrane receptors. The gene for calcitonin
receptors has been cloned. It is homologous to GPCRs in family "B" which
typically recognizes regulatory peptides (secretin, glucagons, VIP).
Recently, a homolog of calcitonin receptor, CRLR
(calcitonin-receptor-like receptor human 461 aa; rat/mouse 463
aa) was identified. CRLR has 55% homology with calcitonin receptor.
Other members of calcitonin peptide family were candidate for CRLR but
CRLR seemed not to be a receptor for CGRP. Two related members of the
family "A" class of GPCR, RDC1 and G10D, were then identified as
receptors for CGRP and ADM, respectively. It is now shown that CRLR can
function as either a CGRP receptor or an ADM receptor, depending upon
which members of a new family of proteins called
receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMP1-3) are expressed.
RAMPs1-3 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, an extracellular
N-terminus, a single transmembrane domain near the C-terminus, and
cytoplasmic C-terminus. RAMP1-3 displays 31% identity. RAMPS may be
involved in the transport of CRLR to the plasma membrane. RAMP1 (human,
mouse, rat 148 aa) presents the CRLR receptor as a glycoprotein that
functions as CGRP receptor. RAMP1 is expressed in many tissues,
including the uterus, bladder, brain, pancreas, and GI tract. CRLR and
RAMP1 are not co-expressed in all tissues suggesting that their
co-expression may define which cells express functional CGRP receptors.
RAMP2 (human 175 aa; rat 182 aa, and mouse
189 aa)-transported receptors are core-glycosylated and function as ADM
receptor. It is expressed in the lung, breast, immune system and fetal
tissues. RAMP3 is most abundant in the
kidney and lung.
|
Items |
Antigen peptide
location |
Antibody Host |
* Expected Ab
Crossreactivity |
Neat Antisera Cat #
100 ul |
Aff. Pure IgG or Mab
(100 ug) |
* Control Peptide
(100 ug) |
|
RAMP1 |
H, 19 aa ~I,
H, 11 aa, ~CT |
Rb, poly |
H, R, M |
RAMP11-S |
RAMP11-A |
RAMP11-P |
|
RAMP2 |
H, 20 aa ~NT,
H, 9 aa, ~CT |
Rb, poly |
H, R, M |
RAMP21-S |
RAMP21-A |
RAMP21-P |
|
RAMP3 |
H, 13 aa ~I
H, 9 aa, ~CT |
Rb, poly |
H, R, M |
RAMP31-S |
RAMP31-A |
RAMP31-P |
|
RCP |
H, 18aa,
~NT |
Rb, poly |
H, R, M, C |
RCP11-S |
RCP11-A |
RCP11-P |
|
CRLR |
R, 20 aa
~CT |
Rb, poly |
R, M, H |
CRLR11-S |
CRLR11-A |
CRLR11-P |
|
CGRP
(ab # 1) |
H, 19 aa,
~NT |
Rb, poly
|
R, M, H
|
CGRP11-S
|
CGRP11-A
|
CGRP11-P
|
|
CGRP
(ab # 2) |
H, 14 aa,
~I |
Rb, poly
|
R, M, H
|
CGRP12-S
|
CGRP12-A
|
CGRP12-P
|
|
CGRP 1-37 aa
(full length) |
Human CGRP
(1-37 aa, oxidized); Cat # CGRP15-P5; 500 ug
Rat CGRP (1-37 aa, oxidized); Cat # CGRP16-P5; 500 ug
|
|
CGRP II
(1-37 aa) |
Human CGRP
II (1-37 aa, oxidized); Cat # CGRP25-P5; 500 ug
Rat CGRP II (1-37 aa, oxidized); Cat # CGRP26-P5; 500 ug
|
|
Amylin (ab
# 1) |
H, 1-37aa
|
Rb, poly
|
R, M, H
|
AMYL11-S
|
|
AMYL11-P
|
|
Human
Amylin, 1-37aa
(Non-oxidized) |
Amylin (1-37 aa,
non-oxidized); Cat # AMYL14-P; 100 ug
Biotinylated-Amylin (1-37 aa, non-oxidized), Cat
#AMYL15-P-100;100ug |
|
Amylin,
1-37aa
(oxidized, Cys2-Cys7) |
Human Amylin (1-37
aa, oxidized); Cat # AMYL16-P5; 500 ug
Rat Amylin (1-37 aa, oxidized); Cat # AMYL17-P5; 500 ug |
|
Amylin
(ab # 2) |
H, 13 aa, ~I
&
R 13 aa, ~I |
Rb, poly
|
R, M, H
|
AMYL12-S
|
AMYL12-A
|
AMYL12-P
|
|
ADML
|
H, 17 aa, ~CT |
Rb, poly
|
R, M, H
|
ADML11-S
|
ADML11-A
|
ADML11-P
|
|
Human ADML
1-52 aa (full length) |
Human ADML
1-52 aa purified (>99%), Cat # ADM15-P; 100 ug
|
|
Control IgGs For use
as -ve controls in ELISA, Western, IHC. |
Control
Mouse IgG (non immune), Cat # 20008-1 (1 mg)
Control Rabbit IgG (non immune) , Cat # 20009-1 (1 mg)
|
M= Mouse; R=Rat; H=Human; Ha=Hamster; Rb=Rabbit; B=Bovine; C=Chicken;
D=DOG; CT= near C-terminus; NT=near N-terminus; I=Middle of protein;
CL=Cytoplasmic loop; EC=Extracellular domain; IC=Intracellular domain.
* Expected antibody crossreactivity information is
mostly based upon high (>70%) sequence conservation of antigenic/control
peptides in various species. When antibody crossreactivity has actually
been experimentally confirmed in various species, it will be mentioned
in the appropriate data sheets.
"Neat Antisera or antisera" are the unpurified antiserum and it is
suitable for ELISA and Western.
"Affinity pure" IgG may be more suitable for immunohistochemical (IHC)
applications and to reduce background in most immunological applications
including ELISA and Western.
"Control peptides" can not be used for Western as they are very short
peptides. They are intended for ELISA or antibody blocking studies to
establish antibody specificity.
Western blot +ve protein controls, where available, are semi-pure, pure
or recombinant proteins that are formulated in SDS-PAGE sample buffer
(reduced). They are recommended to be used for Western (load 10 ul/lane)
for visualization with antibodies.
All Products are for in
vitro research use only. rev 40720A |
