Calsarcins/Myozenins (Calsarcin-1 and Calsarcin-2) & Calcineurin A/B Antibodies

 

 

Calcineurin is a Ca/calmodulin-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase that plays an important role in transducing Ca-dependent signals in a variety of cell types. Calcineurin has also been shown to have a profound influence on the properties of striated muscle cells, including cardiac muscle. A novel family of striated muscle-specific calcineurin-interacting proteins called calsarcins or myozenins has been identified that interact and colocalize with the Z-disc protein alpha-actinin. Two isoform of calsarcins, Calsarcin-1 and Calsarcin-2, with specific expression pattern have been identified in human, rat and mouse. Calsarcins tether calcineurin to the sarcomere of cardiac and skeletal muscle. Besides calcineurin and a-actinin, calsarcins interact with other Z-disc proteins g-filamin, telethonin and TCAP. Because calcineurin responds to sustained, low amplitude calcium signals, calsarcins may serve to localize calcineurin in the vicinity of unique intracellular pool, where it can interact with specific upstream activators or downstream substrates. Therefore, calsarcins may play an important role in modulating the function and substrate specificity of calcineurin in striated muscle cells.

Calsarcin-1 (CALS-1), also known as Myozenin-2 or MYOZ2, is a ~32 kDa protein (human/mouse 264-aa, ~88% identity). Amino acids 217-240 of calsarcin-1 are necessary for its interaction with a-actinin-2 in the Z-disc of sarcomeric muscle fibers. It is expressed, throughout the development-cycle, in all striated muscle tissues. However, CALS-1 expression is localized in slow-twitch fibers (soleus and plantaris), which depends on chronic motor neuron stimulation that results in sustained cellular calcium.

Calsarcin-2/CALS-2 (variously termed Myozenin-1 and FATZ) ~34 kDa, human 299-aa, mouse 296-aa, ~30% identity with CALS-1) is a globular protein with central glycine-rich domain flanked by a-helical regions. CALS-2 is expressed transiently in heart during early embryogenesis and later becomes restricted to skeletal muscle with weaker signals in adult prostate, placenta and pancreas. In contrast to CALS-1, the expression of Calsarcin-2 is restricted to fast-twitch skeletal fiber (Gastrocnemius), which receives intermittent, high frequency stimulation and exhibit lower intracellular calcium concentration. Calsarcin-2 interacts with other Z-disc proteins g-Filamin, ACTN-2, ACTN-3 and TCAP and possibly modulates both g-filamin and a-actinin dimerization. Based on its binding partners, Calsarcin-2 has been suggested to play a central role in myofibrillogenesis and as a candidate for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and other related neuromuscular disorders.

Calcineurin (also known as CALNA or CALNA1, Calcineurin-alpha, Protein phosphatase 2B or PP2B) is the Ca+/calmodulin-regulated protein phosphatase, first detected in skeletal muscle and brain, has been found in from yeast to mammals. It is a heterodimers of two subunits: Calcineurin B/CnB, the 19-kda Ca+-binding and regulatory subunit, and Calcineurin A/CnA, ~61-kda catalytic subunit that is highly homologous with PP1 and PP2A. . Multiple catalytic subunits of calcineurin are derived from at least 2 structural genes, type 1 (calcineurin A-alpha) and type 2 (calcineurin A-beta, CALNA2), each of which can produce additional alternatively spliced transcripts. CnB belongs to the family of EF-hand Ca-binding proteins. Both CnB and calmodulin are important for the activation of the phosphatase activity of calcineurin. Calcineurin controls the production of many cytokines including IL-2, TNF-alpha in the T-cell activation pathway. Calcineurin mediated dephosphorylation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT) is required for NF-AT activation, nuclear translocation, and subsequent gene expression in T-cells. The immunosuppressive drugs, such as FK506, inhibit activation of NF-AT by calcineurin.
  
 

Items	Antigen peptide location	Antibody Host	**Expected Ab Crossreactivity	Antiserum (100 ul) Cat#	Aff. Pure IgG or Mab (100 ug) Cat#	* Control Peptide (100 ug Cat#
Calsarcin-1	m, 17 aa ~CT	Rb, poly	m, h	CALS11-S	CALS11-A	CALS11-P
Calsarcin-2	m, 17 aa ~NT	Rb, poly	m, h	CALS21-S	CALS21-A	CALS21-P
Calcineurin (A+B Subunits)	b, Cn protein	Rb, poly	m, h, b	CALN11-S	.	.
Calcineurin (A+B Subunits)	Purified bovine brain Calcineurin (A+B) protein WB +ve control (biologically inactive) Cat # CALN11-C, 100 ul
Calcineurin (A Subunit)	h, 13 aa, ~ NT	Rb, poly	m, r, h, p		CALNA12-A	CALNA12-P
Calcineurin (A Subunit)	H, CnA protein	m, mono			CALN13-M
Calcineurin (A Subunit)	Recombinant, purified, Human Calcineurin A-alpha/PP2B protein WB +ve control Cat # CALNA12-C; 100 ul (biologically inactive)
Calcineurin (B Subunit)	m, CnB Protein	Rb, poly	m, r, h, p	CALNB21-S	.	.
Calcineurin (B Subunit)	H, CnB Protein	m, mono	m, r, h		CALNB22-M
Calcineurin (B Subunit)	m, CnB Protein	Purified human Calcineurin B (~19 kDa) protein WB +ve control Cat # CALNB21-C, 100 ul (in SDS-PAGE sample buffer)
Control IgGs For use as -ve controls in ELISA, Western, IHC		Control Mouse IgG (non immune), Cat # 20008-1 (1 mg)   Control Rabbit IgG (non immune) , Cat # 20009-1 (1 mg) Control Goat IgG (non immune), Cat # 20011-1 (1 mg)

B=bovine; M= Mouse; R=Rat; H=Human; Rb=Rabbit; Sh=Sheep; G=goat; B=Bovine, MO=Monkey; P=pig; CT= near C-terminus; NT=near N-terminus; CP=cytoplamsic domain; EC=Extracellualr domain; Internal=Middle of protein. *

** Expected antibody crossreactivity information is mostly based upon high (>70%) sequence conservation of antigenic/control peptides in various species. When antibody crossreactivity has actually been experimentally confirmed in various species, it will be mentioned in the appropriate data sheets.

"Neat Antisera or antisera" are the unpurified antiserum and it is suitable for ELISA and Western.
"Affinity pure" IgG may be more suitable for immunohistochemical (IHC) applications and to reduce background in most immunological applications including ELISA and Western.
"Control peptides" can not be used for Western as they are very short peptides. They are intended for ELISA or antibody blocking studies to establish antibody specificity.
Western blot +ve protein controls, where available, are semi-pure, pure or recombinant proteins that are formulated in SDS-PAGE sample buffer. They are recommended to be used for Western (load 10 ul/lane) for visulaization with antibodies.

All Products are for in vitro research use only. rev 40719A

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